Section V And V Of The Corrections Textbook By Stohr Et Al

Julie Ikpah Research Analysis Paper #2 February 17, 2015 Introduction: For this research and analysis paper we were assigned Section V and VI in the Corrections textbook by Stohr et al. Section V (five) covers probation and community corrections with pertinent and important concepts as well as many legal definitions. Section VI (six) covers prisons and the experiences that an inmate endures while serving their sentences, sentences that were levied against them for the crime they committed. These two sections read together is very informative and it helps to keep the reader focused on the big picture of sentences and what options are out there. Summary and Analysis: The introduction for Section V is an overall summation of â€Å"other†¦show more content†¦Community corrections refers to the probation officers, and other governmental representatives working on the behalf of the State, to assist offenders with this last chance. A dual reason that these representatives are engaged in the work they do, is to monitor the behaviors of the convicted persons within the previously mentioned community in which they reside. Another interesting elaboration from the authors was the expansion on the overall cost of probation vs. prison. I found this section extremely interesting and enlightening. I certainly experienced somewhat of a paradigm shift when integrating these new financial implications that the government is burdened by vs. my own personal feelings of probation and its tendency to be soft on crime. If, by increasing the success of probation, then much more money can theoretically be returned to the taxpayers, and thereby having an overall positive result. The explanation of the roles of probation and parole officers were also informative to me as a reader. The reason I found it informative was because I had never thought of the probation officers’ job duties and roles are quite as varied as they actually are. Sometimes they act as dual roles, meaning parole and probation officer but this is not the case in all jurisdictions. Probation officers job duties are varied and demanding upon the person who dares to take on

Jamaica Is The Country Of Jamaica - 1125 Words

Jamaica is an island country sitting in the middle of the beautiful Caribbean Sea. This island is 10,990 square kilometers and is currently home to 2,950,210 Jamaican citizens (Rogers). The population density is 252 citizens per kilometer squared and is growing at a rate of 0.4 percent. In regard to the size of the island, Jamaica is the fourth largest island in the Caribbean Sea. According to a The World Factbook: Jamaica, Jamaica’s terrain consists of mostly rocky mountains with narrow discontinuous coastal plains (World Fackbook 1). The climate of this area is tropical hot and humid. As far as the elevation of the area and surrounding areas, the absolute lowest point in the actual Caribbean Sea and the highest point is Blue Mountain†¦show more content†¦Within this island lots of things make this land what it is today. The focus of this paper will be to address three of the aspects that contribute to taking away from Kingston and cause environmental concern. The 3 negative attributes that make of this land are hurricanes, earthquakes, and the human activities. Kingston is commonly prone to many natural hazards. Most people probably wouldn’t know this because it’s not extremely often that we hear about these disasters happening there. Because this specific island is located directly in the hurricane belt they consequently experience many hurricanes. The hurricane belt is a part of the Atlantic Ocean. This area can be found in the northern part of the Caribbean Sea and in the Gulf of Mexico. There have two recent hurricanes that Kingston has experienced. Hurricane Gilbert which was a Category 3 hurricane in 1988 (Sanchez). This specific hurricane resulted in 45 deaths but affected over 500,000 people within the area. Hurricane Ivan was expected to directly hit Kingston but unexpectedly didn’t which resulted in fewer deaths, 14 reported (Zambon). This hurricane was anticipated to hit Kingston in a major way but did not. In p reparation of the coming natural disaster the city successfully evacuated 150,000 out of the danger zone, as far as mitigating and planning for this impact it was handled very well. Although it

Police Essay Free Essays

Some more Information about the investigation to date: The Australian Crime Commission and the Crime and Misconduct Commission (SLD) had been kept In the loop by the QPS since the early stages of this Investigation, because of their interest in illicit firearm sales and organized crime. Upon learning of Crag’s arrest, the AC expressed an interest in interviewing him about his knowledge of and connections to a high-profile outlaw motorcycle gang operating on the coast. Craig: Craig was arrested by QPS officers at his home. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now He made It clear that he intended to exercise his right to remain silent, so no QPS interview took place. However, as the investigation falls within the ambit of the Sac’s Highest Risk Criminal Targets Special Investigation, an AC examiner has available special powers that can compel Craig to attend and give evidence at an AC hearing. The AC decides that this Is an appropriate way to proceed at this stage. Answer the following questions 1. Can Craig refuse to attend the hearing? What would happen if he did? Provide 2 thoughtful arguments why you think the establishment of ‘new investigators’ such as the AC or CM is necessary and/or appropriate. 4. Provide 2 thoughtful arguments why you think the establishment of ‘new Investigators’ such as the AC or CM Is not necessary and/or appropriate. Police Essay By Soapstone Some more information about the investigation to date: had been kept in the loop by the QPS since the early stages of this investigation, because of their interest in illicit firearm sales and organized crime. Upon learning of Craig arrest, the AC expressed an interest in interviewing him about his knowledge Craig was arrested by QPS officers at his home. He made it clear that he intended to attend and give evidence at an AC hearing. The AC decides that this is an Craig attends the hearing and provides the examiner with useful information to continue the investigation into the outlaw motorcycle gang, although not sufficient investigators’ such as the AC or CM is not necessary and/or appropriate. How to cite Police Essay, Essays

Global Business World Economic Development

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Business for World Economic Development. Answer: Introduction: Globalisation has captured the imagination and fancy of the various businesses on a global scale as it has completely captured the marketplace. With the scope and size of globalised economy is increasing at a rapid pace, it is having implications for the various stakeholders of the society including domestic businesses. The wave of globalisation had led to rapid economic development in the third world countries. Also, it has limited the movement of goods and capital across borders and therefore enhanced the overall integration of the global economy (Weiss, 2002). In this backdrop, the given essay aims to comment on the significance of globalisation for the survival and growth of domestic businesses globally. Globalisation has led to a fundamental change in the business environment globally and has become a key force behind the survival of businesses while presenting them with a growth opportunity. In case of developed nations, globalisation has led to global access to products and services through the e-commerce route (Akram, 2011). As a result, it has becomes imperative for the domestic businesses in these countries to enhance their cost competitiveness so as to continue to survive. This is enabled through globalisation which presents lucrative outsourcing operations to cheaper destination based in Asia. Most of the non-core works are outsourced and also manufacturing operations are outsourced to third world countries in a bid to save cost (Rodrik, 2002). Further, globalisation also presents a lucrative opportunity to the domestic businesses based in developed nations as these can now expand their markets to lucrative developing nations. For most of these businesses, the domestic market is also saturated and hence the presence in huge consumer markets of Asia with rich purchasing power is an exciting opportunity to deliver sustainable returns for their shareholders. This only has led to the increasing presence of MNC (Multinational Corporations) based out of developed countries. Also, there are other businesses which set up their manufacturing bases in the developing nations and therefore leverage the local resources available (Redding, 2000). Globalisation also brings significant gains on the table for businesses based in developing nations as these nations have limited availability of capital and technology but abundant supply of labour. As a result, most of the work processes are labour dominated and therefore the productivity is comparatively lower. Over a period of time, this inefficiency starts taking a toll on the businesses and hence these are not able to survive in the long run especially as competition enhances owing to the entry of foreign firms (Hamdi, 2013). With globalisation as an enabling force, the developing nations business tend to gain access to capital and latest technology and therefore witness economic progress (Berman Machin, 2000). Further, owing to globalisation the business flow to businesses in the developing world tends to increase in the form of outsourced jobs. Besides, with the global companies shifting their manufacturing bases, a lucrative opportunity for expansion is presented to local b usinesses. Also, the local businesses can look to market their products to the western markets and hence grow their business (Hartungi, 2006). However, while globalisation is considered to a game changer but essentially it is a double edged sword as it has adverse implications also. In case of businesses based in developed countries, globalisation implies that the big companies have put in place a global supply chain based on significant outsourcing which has resulted in lowering product costs. However, for the small businesses, this is not a viable option and thus these are not able to compete with the MNCs. This is also true for developing nations where as a result of globalisation, the MNC are leading to the shutting down of small businesses (Stiglitz, 2002). Hence, on one hand globalisation leads to efficiency gains and on the other it eliminates the inefficient businesses globally (Weiss, 2002). The arguments above lead to the conclusion that there are potential negative impacts of globalisation but the positive impact on businesses tend to exceed the negative ones. Globalisation has enhanced the efficiency of various businesses globally by using that resource usage is decided in the global economy rather than national economy. In the developing world, the domestic businesses have reaped efficiency gains, rapid economic growth, export market and outsourcing contracts. In the developed world, the domestic businesses have become more cost competitive and also gained access to new and lucrative markets. In the modern world, international trade is a critical activity which enables the nations to make up for any deficiency. International trade plays an important role in ensuring that the scare resources are used in an efficient manner. The theoretical framework of international trade was laid more than couple of centuries ago in the form of theory of absolute advantage and theory of competitive advantage. These theories provided the basis for indulging in international trade and have been since modified so as to reflect the modern norms (Mankiw, 2012). In this backdrop, the essay aims to highlight the difference between these along with limitations. It is noteworthy that international trade is advocated since the various nations have differential access to factors of production and therefore their efficiency in production of goods tends to be different. The primary difference between the two theories is in the metric used for measurement of efficiency. Adam Smith gave the theory of absolute advantage, As per this, the advantage with regards to production of good is determined by the production cost and hence the nation which produces a given good at a lower cost would tend to have absolute advantage with regards to that particular good. For efficiency gains, this theory advocates that only the nation having absolute advantage must produce the good and export to the other country where it is expensive to produce the same good (Dombusch, Fischer Startz, 2012). The absolute advantage theory does have some limitations. It assumed that there would be no currency fluctuations and hence the exchange rates would continue to remain constant which does not happen in the real world. Besides, it simply ignores the transportation costs involved in export which needs to be added to the production cost before comparing with cost in the importing nation. Another, simplistic assumption in the theory is the use of labour for production of different goods with the same amount of efficiency. This would be incorrect especially in modern businesses where level of specialisation has increased only (Krugman Wells, 2012). The usage of absolute advantage theory also presents a confusing situation when a given nation possesses absolute advantage over the other nation in production of all products and therefore it is not clear as to what the importing nation should do with its resources (McConnell, Brue Flynn, 2014). The theory of comparative advantage given by Ricardo provides viable solution to the given situation. Unlike absolute advantage, Ricardo advocates that the economic efficiency in production should not be measured by the underlying production cost but by the opportunity cost incurred for production. Hence, in case of nation which manufactures all goods with absolute advantage, opportunity cost must be computed and compared with the other nation. Therefore, usually this would result that both countries tend to utilise their resources in the best possible manner and through trading reap gains (Mankiw, 2012). Even though the theory of comparative advantage is considered better than corresponding theory of absolute advantage, but it does have some flaws which has resulted in this being modified over the years. It simply ignores the transportation costs involved in export which needs to be added to the production cost before comparing with cost in the importing nation. Further, due to increase specialisation caused due to comparative advantage may lead to inefficiency in the form of diseconomies of scale (Dombusch, Fischer Startz, 2012). Besides, no consideration during the theory is given to the presence of various government restrictions in the form of various trade barriers (both tariff and non-tariff) which tend to play a critical role in modern international trade. Also, the model looks at advantage in a static manner and is not open to the possibility of alterations in the comparative advantage due to developments in factors of production (Krugman Wells, 2012). The discussion conducted above in wake of the arguments clearly indicates that the main point separating the two theories is the fact that absolute advantage is based on lower cost of production unlike comparative advantage which is derived from lower opportunity cost. These theories have limited direct utility in the modern world due to their simplistic assumptions with regards to nonexistence of transportation cost, government barriers in trade, alterations in factors of production along with currency fluctuations. Despite the above shortcomings, these two theories were pioneers in international trade theories and hence most of the modern day theories tend to derive their conceptual source from one of these theories only. References Akram, M, Faheem, FA, Dost, MKB Abdullah, I 2011, Globalization and its Impacts on the World Economic Development, International Journal of Business and Social Science, vol. 2, no.23, pp. 291-297 Berman, E Machin, S 2000, Skill-biased Technology Transfer around the World, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol.16 No 2, pp.12-22. Dombusch, R, Fischer, S Startz, R 2012.Macroeconomics, McGraw Hill Publications, New York Hamdi, FM 2013, The Impact of Globalization in the Developing Countries, Development Country Studies, Vol. 3 No. 11, pp.141-143 Hartungi, B 2006, Could developing countries take the benefit of globalisation?,International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 33 No. 11, pp.728 743 Krugman, P Wells, R 2012. Macroeconomics, Worth Publishers, London Mankiw, G 2012. Principles of Macroeconomics, Cengage Learning, London McConnell, C, Brue, S Flynn, S 2014. Macroeconomics: Principles, Problems, Policies, McGraw Hill/Irwin Publications, New York Redding, S 1999, Globalisation,Economic Review, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp.16à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 19, Rodrik, D 2002, Globalization for whom?,Harvard Magazine, Vol. 104 No. 6, pp. 27-32 Stiglitz, JE 2002, Globalism's Discontents,The American Prospect, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp.37-43 Weiss, J 2002,Industrialisation and Globalisation: Theory and Evidence from Developing Countries, Routledge,London.